In Part III, 'Definitions of the Emotions/Affects', Spinoza defines 48 different forms of affect, including love and hatred, hope and fear, envy and compassion. Īffect is thus a special case of the more neutral term 'affection' ( affectio), which designates the form 'taken on' by some thing, the mode, state or quality of a body's relation to the world or nature (or infinite 'substance').

In Baruch Spinoza's Ethics, Part III Definition 3, the term 'affect' ( affectus, traditionally translated as 'emotion') is the modification or variation produced in a body (including the mind) by an interaction with another body which increases or diminishes the body's power of activity (potentia agendi):īy affect I understand affections of the body by which the body's power of acting is increased or diminished, aided or restrained, and at the same time, the ideas of these affections. The term 'affect' is central to what has become known as the 'affective turn' in the humanities and social sciences. Affects are difficult to grasp and conceptualize because, as Spinoza says, 'an affect or passion of the mind is a confused idea' which is only perceived by the increase or decrease it causes in the body's vital force. Subsequent philosophical usage by Gilles Deleuze, Félix Guattari and their translator Brian Massumi, while derived explicitly from Spinoza, tends to distinguish more sharply than Spinoza does between affect and what are conventionally called emotions. The word affect takes on a different meaning in psychology and other fields.įor Spinoza, as discussed in Parts Two and Three of his Ethics, affects are states of mind and body that are related to (but not exactly synonymous with) feelings and emotions, of which he says there are three primary kinds: pleasure or joy ( laetitia), pain or sorrow ( tristitia) and desire ( cupiditas) or appetite. For other uses, see Affect (disambiguation).Īffect (from Latin affectus or adfectus) is a concept, used in the philosophy of Baruch Spinoza and elaborated by Henri Bergson, Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, that places emphasis on bodily or embodied experience. For affect in psychology, see Affect (psychology). This article is about the philosophical concept.

Benedictus et affectus